class Card < ApplicationRecord
  # Automatically broadcasts refresh on changes
  broadcasts_refreshes
end

class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_create_commit -> { broadcast_prepend_to "cards", partial: "cards/card", target: "cards-list" }
  after_update_commit -> { broadcast_replace_to "cards", partial: "cards/card" }
  after_destroy_commit -> { broadcast_remove_to "cards" }
end

module Card::Broadcastable
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  included do
    broadcasts_refreshes

    before_update :remember_if_preview_changed
  end

  private
    def remember_if_preview_changed
      @preview_changed ||= title_changed? || column_id_changed?
    end

    def preview_changed?
      @preview_changed
    end
end

def create
  @card = Card.create!(card_params)

  @card.broadcast_prepend_to "cards",
    partial: "cards/card",
    target: "cards-list"
end

class NotificationJob < ApplicationJob
  def perform(user, message)
    Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_append_to(
      "user:#{user.id}:notifications",
      target: "notifications",
      partial: "notifications/notification",
      locals: { message: message }
    )
  end
end

<%= turbo_stream_from "cards" %>

<div id="cards-list">
  <%= render @cards %>
</div>

<%= turbo_stream_from "user:#{current_user.id}:notifications" %>

<div id="notifications">
  <!-- Notifications will appear here -->
</div>

# Append to target
broadcast_append_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Prepend to target
broadcast_prepend_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Replace target
broadcast_replace_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Update target (replaces innerHTML only)
broadcast_update_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Remove target
broadcast_remove_to "stream", target: "id"

# Before target
broadcast_before_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# After target
broadcast_after_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Morph (Turbo 8+) - Preserves form state, focus, scroll position
broadcast_morph_to "stream", target: "id", partial: "path"

# Refresh entire page
broadcast_refresh_to "stream"

def update
  @card = Card.find(params[:id])
  @card.update!(card_params)

  # Morph instead of replace - preserves form state
  @card.broadcast_morph_to "cards",
    partial: "cards/card",
    target: dom_id(@card)
end

<%# app/views/cards/update.turbo_stream.erb %>
<%= turbo_stream.morph dom_id(@card) do %>
  <%= render @card %>
<% end %>

<%# Subscribe to specific card updates %>
<%= turbo_stream_from @card %>

<%# In model %>
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_update_commit -> {
    broadcast_replace_to self, partial: "cards/card"
  }
end

<%# Subscribe to all cards %>
<%= turbo_stream_from "cards" %>

<%# In model %>
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_create_commit -> {
    broadcast_prepend_to "cards", target: "cards-list"
  }
end

<%# Subscribe to cards within a board %>
<%= turbo_stream_from @board, "cards" %>
<%= turbo_stream_from [@board, @card] %>

<%# In model %>
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_update_commit -> {
    broadcast_replace_to [board, "cards"], partial: "cards/card"
  }
end

<%# Subscribe to current user's notifications %>
<%= turbo_stream_from current_user, "notifications" %>
<%= turbo_stream_from "user:#{current_user.id}:notifications" %>

<%# In job/model %>
Turbo::StreamsChannel.broadcast_append_to(
  [current_user, "notifications"],
  target: "notifications",
  partial: "notifications/notification"
)

# Broadcast to multiple streams
def after_update_commit
  # Update the card itself
  broadcast_replace_to self

  # Update the board's card list
  broadcast_replace_to [board, "cards"],
    target: "cards-list",
    partial: "boards/cards_list"

  # Update user's activity feed
  broadcast_prepend_to [creator, "activity"],
    target: "activity-feed",
    partial: "activity/card_updated"
end

# ❌ Bad - Broadcasts on every save
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  broadcasts_refreshes
end

# ✅ Good - Conditional broadcasting
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_update_commit :broadcast_if_changed, if: :saved_changes?

  private
    def broadcast_if_changed
      return unless saved_change_to_title? || saved_change_to_status?
      broadcast_replace_to "cards"
    end
end

# ✅ Better - Debounce rapid updates
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  after_update_commit :broadcast_later

  private
    def broadcast_later
      BroadcastCardJob.set(wait: 100.milliseconds).perform_later(self)
    end
end

// In browser console
Turbo.StreamActions
Turbo.session.adapter.visitStarted

<%# Make sure turbo_stream_from matches broadcast target %>
<%= turbo_stream_from "cards" %>  <%# Must match broadcast_*_to "cards" %>

# config/cable.yml should have correct adapter
development:
  adapter: async

production:
  adapter: redis
  url: <%= ENV.fetch("REDIS_URL") { "redis://localhost:6379/1" } %>

# Limit broadcast frequency
class Card < ApplicationRecord
  # Throttle broadcasts
  after_update_commit :broadcast_changes, if: -> {
    (saved_changes.keys & %w[title status]).any?
  }
end

# Or use background jobs
after_update_commit -> { BroadcastJob.perform_later(self) }