AgentSkillsCN

mysql

规划并审查MySQL/InnoDB的表结构、索引设置、查询调优、事务处理与各项操作。在创建或修改MySQL表、索引或查询；诊断慢速或锁表行为；规划迁移任务；或排查复制与连接问题时使用。在使用MySQL数据库时加载此模块。

SKILL.md
--- frontmatter
name: mysql
description: Plan and review MySQL/InnoDB schema, indexing, query tuning, transactions, and operations. Use when creating or modifying MySQL tables, indexes, or queries; diagnosing slow/locking behavior; planning migrations; or troubleshooting replication and connection issues. Load when using a MySQL database.

MySQL

Use this skill to make safe, measurable MySQL/InnoDB changes.

Workflow

  1. •Define workload and constraints (read/write mix, latency target, data volume, MySQL version, hosting platform).
  2. •Read only the relevant reference files linked in each section below.
  3. •Propose the smallest change that can solve the problem, including trade-offs.
  4. •Validate with evidence (EXPLAIN, EXPLAIN ANALYZE, lock/connection metrics, and production-safe rollout steps).
  5. •For production changes, include rollback and post-deploy verification.

Schema Design

  • •Prefer narrow, monotonic PKs (BIGINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT) for write-heavy OLTP tables.
  • •Avoid random UUID values as clustered PKs; if external IDs are required, keep UUID in a secondary unique column.
  • •Always utf8mb4 / utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci. Prefer NOT NULL, DATETIME over TIMESTAMP.
  • •Lookup tables over ENUM. Normalize to 3NF; denormalize only for measured hot paths.

References:

Indexing

  • •Composite order: equality first, then range/sort (leftmost prefix rule).
  • •Range predicates stop index usage for subsequent columns.
  • •Secondary indexes include PK implicitly. Prefix indexes for long strings.
  • •Audit via performance_schema — drop indexes with count_read = 0.

References:

Partitioning

  • •Partition time-series (>50M rows) or large tables (>100M rows). Plan early — retrofit = full rebuild.
  • •Include partition column in every unique/PK. Always add a MAXVALUE catch-all.

References:

Query Optimization

  • •Check EXPLAIN — red flags: type: ALL, Using filesort, Using temporary.
  • •Cursor pagination, not OFFSET. Avoid functions on indexed columns in WHERE.
  • •Batch inserts (500–5000 rows). UNION ALL over UNION when dedup unnecessary.

References:

Transactions & Locking

  • •Default: REPEATABLE READ (gap locks). Use READ COMMITTED for high contention.
  • •Consistent row access order prevents deadlocks. Retry error 1213 with backoff.
  • •Do I/O outside transactions. Use SELECT ... FOR UPDATE sparingly.

References:

Operations

  • •Use online DDL (ALGORITHM=INPLACE) when possible; test on replicas first.
  • •Tune connection pooling — avoid max_connections exhaustion under load.
  • •Monitor replication lag; avoid stale reads from replicas during writes.

References:

Guardrails

  • •Prefer measured evidence over blanket rules of thumb.
  • •Note MySQL-version-specific behavior when giving advice.
  • •Ask for explicit human approval before destructive data operations (drops/deletes/truncates).