⚠️ **Modal Warning**: The following are the most predictable research questions for [topic]:

| Modal Research Question | T-Score | Problem |
|------------------------|---------|---------|
| "Effect of [X] on [Y]" | 0.90 | Scope too broad, no differentiation |
| "Relationship between [X] and [Y]" | 0.85 | Lacks specificity |
| "Analysis of [X] effects" | 0.88 | Mediating variables unclear |

➡️ This is the baseline. We will explore more specific and differentiated questions.

**Direction A** (T ≈ 0.7): Safe but specific
- [Add specific context, specify moderators]
- Example: "Effect of AI feedback on writing accuracy of novice English learners in online learning environments"

**Direction B** (T ≈ 0.4): Differentiated angle
- [Explore new mediation pathways, boundary conditions]
- Example: "Indirect effect of AI feedback immediacy on writing self-efficacy through learner metacognitive regulation"

**Direction C** (T < 0.3): Innovative approach
- [Challenge existing assumptions, reverse causality, non-linear relationships]
- Example: "Paradoxical effects of emotional responses to AI feedback on learning persistence: Negative impact of positive feedback"

T > 0.8 (Modal - Avoid):
├── "What is the effect of [X] on [Y]?" (Simple causation)
├── "What is the relationship between [X] and [Y]?" (Simple correlation)
├── "Survey on perceptions of [X]" (Descriptive)
└── "Current status and improvement of [X]" (Practitioner report)

T 0.5-0.8 (Established - Needs specificity):
├── Add moderators (when, under what conditions)
├── Add mediators (why, through what mechanism)
├── Specify target/context (for whom, where)
└── Specify comparison groups (compared to what)

T 0.3-0.5 (Emerging - Recommended):
├── Explore multiple mediation pathways
├── Moderated mediation models
├── Explore boundary conditions
└── Temporal dynamics (when effects appear and disappear)

T < 0.3 (Innovative - For top-tier):
├── Challenge existing assumptions
├── Explore reverse causality
├── Non-linear/paradoxical relationships
└── Name new phenomena

Required:
  - initial_research_idea: "Research topic or phenomenon of interest"

Optional:
  - field: "Education, Psychology, Business, etc."
  - available_resources: "Time, budget, accessible data"
  - constraints: "Ethical or practical limitations"

## Research Question Analysis Results (VS-Enhanced)

---

### Phase 1: Modal Research Question Identification

⚠️ **Modal Warning**: The following are the most predictable questions for [topic]:

| Modal Question | T-Score | Problem |
|---------------|---------|---------|
| [Question 1] | 0.90 | [Problem] |
| [Question 2] | 0.85 | [Problem] |

➡️ This is the baseline. We will explore more specific questions.

---

### Phase 2: Alternative Research Questions (T-Score based)

**Direction A** (T = 0.65): Specific question
- RQ: "[Question with specific context]"
- Advantages: Easier peer review defense, clear scope
- Suitable for: First publication, conservative journals

**Direction B** (T = 0.45): Differentiated angle
- RQ: "[New mediation pathway/boundary condition question]"
- Advantages: Clear theoretical contribution, fresh perspective
- Suitable for: Mid-career researchers, innovative journals

**Direction C** (T = 0.28): Innovative approach
- RQ: "[Challenge existing assumptions question]"
- Advantages: Maximum contribution potential, paradigm shift
- Suitable for: Top-tier journals

---

### Phase 4: Recommendation Execution

**Selected Direction**: Direction [B] (T = [X.X])

#### PICO(S) Structuring

| Element | Content |
|---------|---------|
| Population | [Target] |
| Intervention | [Intervention/IV] |
| Comparison | [Comparison group] |
| Outcome | [Outcome variable] |
| Study design | [Recommended design] |

#### Final Recommended Research Question

**RQ**: [Selected research question]

**Theoretical Contribution**:
- Existing research gap: [Gap]
- This question's contribution: [Contribution point]

**Feasibility**:
- Measurability: ★★★★☆
- Resource requirements: [Time, cost, personnel]
- Ethical constraints: [Considerations]

Research idea: AI tutors might help with learning
Field: Educational Technology
Available resources: 1 graduate student, 6 months, data collection possible

Refined Research Question:
RQ1: "What is the effect of AI-based adaptive tutoring systems on college students' math problem-solving skills?"
- Type: Explanatory
- Design: Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group design)

RQ2: "How do interaction patterns with AI tutors affect learners' self-regulated learning?"
- Type: Exploratory
- Design: Mixed methods (quantitative + qualitative)

Applied Checkpoints:
  - CP-INIT-002: Select creativity level
  - CP-VS-001: Select research question direction (multiple)
  - CP-VS-003: Confirm final research question satisfaction
  - CP-FA-001: Select analogy source field
  - CP-SD-001: Concept combination distance threshold