OpenAPI & Documentation
Priority: P2 (MAINTENANCE)
Automated API documentation and OpenAPI standards.
- •Automation: ALWAYS use the Nest CLI Plugin (
@nestjs/swagger/plugin).- •Benefit: Auto-generates
@ApiPropertyfor DTOs and response types. Reduces boilerplate by 50%. - •Config:
nest-cli.json->"plugins": ["@nestjs/swagger"].
- •Benefit: Auto-generates
- •Versioning: Maintain separate Swagger docs for
v1,v2if breaking changes occur.
Response Documentation
- •Strictness: Every controller method must have
@ApiResponse({ status: 200, type: UserDto }). - •Generic Wrappers: Define
ApiPaginatedResponse<T>decorators to document genericPageDto<T>returns properly (Swagger doesn't handle generics well by default).- •Technique: Use
ApiExtraModels+getSchemaPath()in the custom decorator to handle the genericTref.
- •Technique: Use
Advanced Patterns
- •Polymorphism: Use
@ApiExtraModelsandgetSchemaPathforoneOf/anyOfunion types. - •File Uploads: Document
multipart/form-dataexplicitly.- •Decorator:
@ApiConsumes('multipart/form-data'). - •Body:
@ApiBody({ schema: { type: 'object', properties: { file: { type: 'string', format: 'binary' } } } }).
- •Decorator:
- •Authentication: Specify granular security schemes per route/controller.
- •Types:
@ApiBearerAuth()or@ApiSecurity('api-key')(Must matchDocumentBuilder().addBearerAuth()).
- •Types:
- •Enums: Force named enums for reusable schema references.
- •Code:
@ApiProperty({ enum: MyEnum, enumName: 'MyEnum' }).
- •Code:
Operation Grouping
- •
Tags: Mandatory
@ApiTags('domains')on every Controller to group endpoints logically. - •
Multiple Docs: generate separate docs for different audiences (e.g. Public vs Internal).
typescriptSwaggerModule.createDocument(app, config, { include: [PublicModule] }); // /api/docs SwaggerModule.createDocument(app, adminConfig, { include: [AdminModule] }); // /admin/docs
Self-Documentation
- •Compodoc: Use
@compodoc/compodocto generate static documentation of the module graph, services, and dependencies.- •Use Case: New developer onboarding and architectural review.
Advanced OpenAPI
- •Polymorphism: Use
@ApiExtraModelsandgetSchemaPathforoneOf/anyOfunion types.- •Pattern: Register generic/sub-types in controller, refer via schema
$ref.
- •Pattern: Register generic/sub-types in controller, refer via schema
- •File Uploads: Document
multipart/form-dataexplicitly.- •Decorator:
@ApiConsumes('multipart/form-data'). - •Body:
@ApiBody({ schema: { type: 'object', properties: { file: { type: 'string', format: 'binary' } } } }).
- •Decorator:
- •Authentication: Specify granular security schemes per route/controller.
- •Types:
@ApiBearerAuth()or@ApiSecurity('api-key'). Match setup inDocumentBuilder.
- •Types:
- •Enums: Force named enums for reusable schema references.
- •Code:
@ApiProperty({ enum: MyEnum, enumName: 'MyEnum' }).
- •Code:
- •Grouping: Segregate public vs. internal docs.
- •Setup:
SwaggerModule.createDocument(app, config, { include: [AdminModule] }).
- •Setup: