Infrastructure

Name: infrastructure-management
Rating: 78
Author: levifig

Infrastructure patterns for containerization, orchestration, CI/CD pipelines, and deployment automation.

Stack Overview

Layer	Technologies
Containers	Docker, BuildKit, multi-stage builds
Orchestration	Kubernetes, Helm, Kustomize
GitOps	ArgoCD, Flux, Argo Rollouts
CI/CD	GitHub Actions, GitLab CI
Registries	GHCR, ECR, GCR, DockerHub

Philosophy

•Infrastructure as Code - All configuration in version control
•GitOps - Git as the single source of truth for deployments
•Security by Default - Non-root, minimal images, no secrets in code
•Observability - Health checks, probes, structured logging
•Reproducibility - Pinned versions, lockfiles, deterministic builds

Quick Reference

Docker Essentials

dockerfile

# Multi-stage build with non-root user
FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --prefix=/install -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.12-slim
RUN useradd --uid 1000 --create-home appuser
COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
USER appuser
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD curl -f http://localhost:8000/health || exit 1
ENTRYPOINT ["python", "-m", "app"]

Kubernetes Pod Spec

yaml

spec:
  securityContext:
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: app:v1.0.0  # Never :latest
      resources:
        requests: {memory: "256Mi", cpu: "100m"}
        limits: {memory: "512Mi", cpu: "500m"}
      securityContext:
        allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
        readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      livenessProbe:
        httpGet: {path: /health, port: 8000}
        initialDelaySeconds: 10
      readinessProbe:
        httpGet: {path: /ready, port: 8000}
        initialDelaySeconds: 5

GitHub Actions Cache

yaml

- uses: actions/cache@v4
  with:
    path: ~/.cache/pip
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('**/requirements.txt') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.os }}-pip-

Topics

Topic	Reference File	Use When
Docker	`references/docker.md`	Writing Dockerfiles, optimizing builds, adding health checks
Kubernetes	`references/kubernetes.md`	Creating deployments, services, probes, resource limits
GitOps	`references/gitops.md`	Setting up ArgoCD, Kustomize, sync policies
CI/CD	`references/ci-cd.md`	Building GitHub Actions workflows, caching, secrets
Troubleshooting	`references/troubleshooting.md`	Debugging CI failures, version conflicts, cache issues

Available Scripts

Script	Usage	Description
`scripts/check-dockerfile.sh`	`check-dockerfile.sh <file>`	Validate Dockerfile best practices
`scripts/validate-k8s-manifest.py`	`validate-k8s-manifest.py <file>`	Check K8s manifest for required fields

Critical Rules

Always

•Use multi-stage builds to minimize image size
•Run containers as non-root user (UID 1000)
•Include health checks in all services
•Pin specific image versions (no :latest)
•Set resource requests AND limits
•Use npm ci / pip-sync in CI (not install)
•Commit lockfiles to version control

Never

•Commit secrets to version control
•Use :latest tags in production
•Skip security scanning in CI
•Deploy without rollback capability
•Store state in containers
•Run as root in production

CI Failure Triage

code

CI Failed
+-- Same code passes locally?
|   +-- YES --> Check environment differences
|   |   +-- Python/Node version
|   |   +-- Environment variables
|   |   +-- File permissions
|   |   +-- Installed dependencies
|   +-- NO --> Fix the actual bug
+-- Flaky (sometimes passes)?
|   +-- Check for race conditions, shared state, timeouts
+-- Always fails in CI?
    +-- Check runner resources (memory, timeout)
    +-- Check external service access
    +-- Check CI-specific config

Quick Diagnostics

bash

# Check local vs CI Python version
python --version

# Check installed package versions
pip freeze | grep -E "(pytest|mypy|black|ruff)"

# Check Node/npm versions
node --version && npm --version

# Compare lockfile changes
git diff origin/main -- package-lock.json requirements*.txt