Create Convex Function

Create a new Convex query or mutation following best practices for this stack.

Goal

Generate a properly typed and secured Convex function with:

• •Convex validators for type-safe arguments
• •Authentication check using Better Auth
• •Proper error handling
• •Database operations with indexes

Instructions

1. Determine Function Type

2. Define Arguments with Validators

Always use Convex validators, never TypeScript types:

import { v } from "convex/values";

args: {
  id: v.id("tableName"),           // Document reference
  name: v.string(),                 // Required string
  count: v.optional(v.number()),    // Optional number
  status: v.union(v.literal("draft"), v.literal("published")),
}

3. Add Authentication

For protected functions, always check auth first:

import { getAuthUserId } from "@convex-dev/auth/server";

const userId = await getAuthUserId(ctx);
if (!userId) throw new Error("Unauthorized");

4. Scope Data to User

Ensure users can only access their own data:

// Query with user filter
const items = await ctx.db.query("items")
  .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", userId))
  .collect();

// Single item ownership check
const item = await ctx.db.get(id);
if (item?.userId !== userId) throw new Error("Forbidden");

5. File Location

Place in convex/{domain}.ts where domain matches the resource:

• •convex/items.ts for item functions
• •convex/users.ts for user functions

Constraints

• •DO NOT use TypeScript types for args (use Convex validators)
• •DO NOT skip auth checks on protected functions
• •DO NOT return data without ownership verification
• •DO add indexes for filtered queries in schema.ts

Examples

See examples/ directory for:

• •query.ts - Read operation with auth
• •mutation.ts - Write operation with validation