E2E Playwright

Selector Priority

1. •getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }) — best for accessibility
2. •getByLabelText('Email') — forms
3. •getByTestId('submit-btn') — add data-testid when needed
4. •getByPlaceholderText, getByTitle — fallbacks
5. •Avoid: deep CSS, :nth-child, XPath for layout

Waiting

• •Use Playwright auto-waiting; avoid page.waitForTimeout()
• •Prefer: expect(locator).toBeVisible(), locator.click() (auto-waits)
• •For network: page.waitForResponse(), page.waitForRequest()

Page Object Pattern

// pages/LoginPage.ts
export class LoginPage {
  constructor(private page: Page) {}
  email = this.page.getByLabel('Email');
  password = this.page.getByLabel('Password');
  submit = this.page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' });

  async login(email: string, password: string) {
    await this.email.fill(email);
    await this.password.fill(password);
    await this.submit.click();
  }
}

Test Structure

test.describe('Checkout flow', () => {
  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto('/');
    // Auth if needed
  });

  test('completes purchase', async ({ page }) => {
    const cart = new CartPage(page);
    await cart.addItem('Product A');
    await cart.goToCheckout();
    // ...
  });
});

Config (playwright.config.ts)

• •retries: 1 for CI flakiness
• •trace: 'on-first-retry' for debugging
• •screenshot: 'only-on-failure'
• •Parallel workers for speed

Isolation

• •Each test independent; no shared mutable state
• •Seed/reset data in beforeEach if needed
• •Use unique test data (timestamps, UUIDs) to avoid conflicts