Security Checklist

Comprehensive security checklist for identifying and preventing vulnerabilities in web applications.

Quick Security Scan

Before committing code, verify:

• No hardcoded secrets (API keys, passwords, tokens)
• All user inputs validated
• SQL queries parameterized
• Output escaped/sanitized (XSS prevention)
• Authentication/authorization checked
• HTTPS enforced
• Error messages don't leak sensitive data
• Dependencies checked (npm audit)

OWASP Top 10 Checklist

1. Injection (SQL, NoSQL, Command)

Red Flags:

javascript

// ❌ CRITICAL: SQL injection
db.query(`SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${userId}`)
db.query("DELETE FROM posts WHERE id = " + postId)

// ❌ CRITICAL: Command injection
exec(`git log --author=${username}`)

Secure Patterns:

javascript

// ✅ Parameterized queries
db.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [userId])
db.query('DELETE FROM posts WHERE id = $1', [postId])

// ✅ Input validation + escaping
const safeUsername = escapeShellArg(username)
exec(`git log --author=${safeUsername}`)

Checklist:

• All database queries use parameterized statements
• No string concatenation in queries
• User input never directly in shell commands
• NoSQL queries use proper escaping
• ORM/query builders used correctly

2. Broken Authentication

Red Flags:

javascript

// ❌ CRITICAL: Weak password hashing
const hash = md5(password)
const hash = sha1(password)

// ❌ CRITICAL: Insecure JWT
jwt.verify(token) // No secret!
jwt.sign(data, 'hardcoded-secret')

// ❌ CRITICAL: Session fixation
session.id = req.query.sessionId

Secure Patterns:

javascript

// ✅ Strong password hashing
import bcrypt from 'bcrypt'
const hash = await bcrypt.hash(password, 10)

// ✅ Secure JWT
const secret = process.env.JWT_SECRET
jwt.verify(token, secret, { algorithms: ['HS256'] })

// ✅ Secure session management
session.regenerate() // After login

Checklist:

• Passwords hashed with bcrypt/argon2
• JWT properly validated with secret
• Sessions regenerated after login
• Multi-factor authentication available
• Account lockout after failed attempts
• Secure password reset flow

3. Sensitive Data Exposure

Red Flags:

javascript

// ❌ CRITICAL: Secrets in code
const apiKey = "sk-proj-xxxxx"
const dbPassword = "admin123"

// ❌ CRITICAL: Secrets in logs
console.log('User data:', { password, ssn })
logger.info(`API Key: ${apiKey}`)

// ❌ CRITICAL: PII in URLs
fetch(`/api/user?ssn=${ssn}&creditCard=${cc}`)

Secure Patterns:

javascript

// ✅ Environment variables
const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
if (!apiKey) throw new Error('Missing API key')

// ✅ Sanitized logs
console.log('User data:', { id, email }) // No password
logger.info('API call successful') // No secrets

// ✅ PII in request body
fetch('/api/user', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: JSON.stringify({ ssn, creditCard })
})

Checklist:

• All secrets in environment variables
• HTTPS enforced everywhere
• Sensitive data encrypted at rest
• Logs don't contain PII/secrets
• No secrets in version control
• .env files in .gitignore

4. XML External Entities (XXE)

Checklist:

• XML parsers disable external entities
• DTD processing disabled
• Use JSON instead of XML when possible

5. Broken Access Control

Red Flags:

javascript

// ❌ CRITICAL: Missing authorization
app.delete('/api/users/:id', async (req, res) => {
  await db.deleteUser(req.params.id) // Anyone can delete!
})

// ❌ CRITICAL: Direct object reference
const file = req.query.file
fs.readFile(`/uploads/${file}`) // Path traversal!

Secure Patterns:

javascript

// ✅ Authorization check
app.delete('/api/users/:id', auth, async (req, res) => {
  if (req.user.id !== req.params.id && !req.user.isAdmin) {
    return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden' })
  }
  await db.deleteUser(req.params.id)
})

// ✅ Indirect object reference
const fileId = req.query.fileId
const file = await db.getFile(fileId, req.user.id) // Check ownership

Checklist:

• Authorization on every endpoint
• Users can only access their own data
• Admin routes require admin role
• CORS configured properly
• Object references indirect
• Rate limiting enabled

6. Security Misconfiguration

Checklist:

• Default credentials changed
• Debug mode disabled in production
• Error messages don't leak info
• Security headers set (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options)
• Unnecessary features disabled
• Dependencies up to date

7. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Red Flags:

javascript

// ❌ CRITICAL: Unescaped output
element.innerHTML = userInput
dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: comment }}
eval(userCode)

Secure Patterns:

javascript

// ✅ Escaped output
element.textContent = userInput
<div>{comment}</div> // React escapes by default

// ✅ Content Security Policy
res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'self'")

Checklist:

• Output escaped/sanitized
• Content-Security-Policy header set
• No innerHTML with user data
• No eval() or Function() with user input
• Frameworks escape by default

8. Insecure Deserialization

Checklist:

• User input not deserialized unsafely
• JSON.parse() only on trusted data
• No eval() on serialized data

9. Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities

Commands:

bash

# Check for vulnerabilities
npm audit

# High severity only
npm audit --audit-level=high

# Fix automatically
npm audit fix

Checklist:

• npm audit clean
• Dependencies regularly updated
• CVEs monitored
• Deprecated packages replaced

10. Insufficient Logging & Monitoring

Checklist:

• Security events logged (login, logout, auth failures)
• Logs include timestamp, user, action
• Logs monitored for suspicious activity
• Alerts configured for critical events
• Logs sanitized (no PII/secrets)

Secrets Detection

Common Secret Patterns

bash

# Search for potential secrets
grep -r "api[_-]?key\|password\|secret\|token" \
  --include="*.js" --include="*.ts" --include="*.json" .

# Check git history
git log -p | grep -i "password\|api_key\|secret"

# Automated scanning
npx trufflehog filesystem . --json

Secret Patterns to Flag

•API keys: sk-, pk_, api_key
•Tokens: ghp_, gho_, token
•Passwords: password=, pwd=
•Private keys: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
•Database URLs: postgresql://, mongodb:// with credentials

Security Tools

Dependency Scanning

bash

npm audit                      # Check vulnerabilities
npm audit fix                  # Auto-fix
npm audit --audit-level=high   # High severity only

Static Analysis

bash

npx eslint . --plugin security
npx semgrep --config auto .

Secrets Scanning

bash

npx trufflehog filesystem . --json
git-secrets --scan

Quick Reference

Must-Have Security Headers

javascript

// Express middleware
app.use(helmet())  // Sets multiple security headers

// Manual setup
res.setHeader('X-Frame-Options', 'DENY')
res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
res.setHeader('Strict-Transport-Security', 'max-age=31536000')
res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'self'")

Environment Variables Checklist

bash

# ✅ Required in .env (never commit)
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://...
JWT_SECRET=random-secret-here

# ✅ Required in .gitignore
.env
.env.local
.env.*.local

Rate Limiting

javascript

import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'

const limiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
  max: 100 // 100 requests per window
})

app.use('/api/', limiter)

When to Use This Checklist

•✅ Before committing code
•✅ During code reviews
•✅ After implementing authentication
•✅ When handling user input
•✅ Before deploying to production
•✅ When adding new API endpoints
•✅ After dependency updates

Security Review Workflow

•
Run automated tools
- •npm audit
- •eslint-plugin-security
- •grep for secrets
•
Check high-risk areas
- •Authentication code
- •API endpoints with user input
- •Database queries
- •File uploads
- •Payment processing
•
Verify OWASP Top 10
- •Go through checklist above
- •Test each category
•
Review findings
- •Fix CRITICAL immediately
- •Plan HIGH severity fixes
- •Document MEDIUM issues

Common Vulnerabilities Summary

Vulnerability	Detection	Fix
Hardcoded secrets	grep, git log	Move to .env
SQL injection	Code review	Parameterized queries
XSS	Code review	Escape output
Missing auth	Code review	Add auth middleware
Weak passwords	Code review	Use bcrypt
Insecure JWT	Code review	Proper validation
Path traversal	Code review	Validate paths
CORS misconfigured	Headers check	Configure properly

security-checklist

Security Checklist

Quick Security Scan

OWASP Top 10 Checklist

1. Injection (SQL, NoSQL, Command)

2. Broken Authentication

3. Sensitive Data Exposure

4. XML External Entities (XXE)

5. Broken Access Control

6. Security Misconfiguration

7. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

8. Insecure Deserialization

9. Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities

10. Insufficient Logging & Monitoring

Secrets Detection

Common Secret Patterns

Secret Patterns to Flag

Security Tools

Dependency Scanning

Static Analysis

Secrets Scanning

Quick Reference

Must-Have Security Headers

Environment Variables Checklist

Rate Limiting

When to Use This Checklist

Security Review Workflow

Common Vulnerabilities Summary

Resources