Zustand v5 Typed Store Creation

Critical v5 Breaking Changes

Zustand v5 introduced significant API changes from v4. You MUST use v5 syntax:

v5 Curried Function Syntax (MANDATORY)

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';

interface BearStore {
  bears: number;
  increase: (by: number) => void;
}

// ✅ CORRECT: v5 curried syntax - TWO function calls
const useBearStore = create<BearStore>()(  // Type on FIRST call
  (set) => ({
    bears: 0,
    increase: (by) => set((state) => ({ bears: state.bears + by })),
  })
);

// ❌ WRONG: v4 syntax - WILL NOT WORK IN V5
const useBearStore = create<BearStore>(
  (set) => ({ ... })
);

Key Difference: Notice the double parentheses create<Type>()( ... ). The type parameter goes on the first function call.

v5 useShallow Hook (MANDATORY)

typescript

import { useShallow } from 'zustand/shallow';

// ✅ CORRECT: v5 useShallow hook
const { bears, fish } = useBearStore(
  useShallow((state) => ({ bears: state.bears, fish: state.fish }))
);

// ❌ WRONG: v4 shallow function - REMOVED IN V5
const { bears, fish } = useBearStore(
  (state) => ({ bears: state.bears, fish: state.fish }),
  shallow  // This parameter doesn't exist in v5!
);

Basic Store Creation Pattern

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';

// 1. Define TypeScript interface (MANDATORY)
interface CounterStore {
  // State
  count: number;

  // Actions
  increment: () => void;
  decrement: () => void;
  incrementBy: (amount: number) => void;
  reset: () => void;
}

// 2. Create store with v5 curried syntax
export const useCounterStore = create<CounterStore>()(
  (set) => ({
    // 3. Initial state
    count: 0,

    // 4. Actions using set()
    increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),

    decrement: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count - 1 })),

    incrementBy: (amount) => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + amount })),

    reset: () => set({ count: 0 }),
  })
);

Middleware Integration

Persist Middleware (localStorage/sessionStorage)

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware';

interface UserStore {
  user: User | null;
  setUser: (user: User) => void;
  clearUser: () => void;
}

export const useUserStore = create<UserStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      user: null,
      setUser: (user) => set({ user }),
      clearUser: () => set({ user: null }),
    }),
    {
      name: 'user-storage', // localStorage key
      storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage), // or sessionStorage

      // Persist only specific fields
      partialize: (state) => ({ user: state.user }),

      // Version for migrations
      version: 1,
      migrate: (persistedState, version) => {
        // Handle schema migrations
        return persistedState as UserStore;
      },
    }
  )
);

DevTools Middleware (Development Debugging)

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';
import { devtools } from 'zustand/middleware';

interface TodoStore {
  todos: Todo[];
  addTodo: (todo: Todo) => void;
}

export const useTodoStore = create<TodoStore>()(
  devtools(
    (set) => ({
      todos: [],
      addTodo: (todo) => set((state) => ({ todos: [...state.todos, todo] })),
    }),
    {
      name: 'TodoStore', // Name in Redux DevTools
      enabled: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development', // Only in dev
    }
  )
);

Combined Middleware (Persist + DevTools)

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';
import { persist, devtools, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware';

interface SettingsStore {
  theme: 'light' | 'dark';
  setTheme: (theme: 'light' | 'dark') => void;
}

export const useSettingsStore = create<SettingsStore>()(
  devtools(
    persist(
      (set) => ({
        theme: 'light',
        setTheme: (theme) => set({ theme }),
      }),
      {
        name: 'settings-storage',
        storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage),
      }
    ),
    {
      name: 'SettingsStore',
      enabled: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
    }
  )
);

Async Actions Pattern

typescript

interface DataStore {
  data: Item[];
  isLoading: boolean;
  error: string | null;
  fetchData: () => Promise<void>;
  updateItem: (id: string, updates: Partial<Item>) => Promise<void>;
}

export const useDataStore = create<DataStore>()((set, get) => ({
  data: [],
  isLoading: false,
  error: null,

  // Async fetch pattern
  fetchData: async () => {
    set({ isLoading: true, error: null });

    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/data');
      if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Fetch failed');

      const data = await response.json();
      set({ data, isLoading: false });
    } catch (error) {
      set({
        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
        isLoading: false,
      });
    }
  },

  // Async update pattern using get()
  updateItem: async (id, updates) => {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(`/api/items/${id}`, {
        method: 'PATCH',
        body: JSON.stringify(updates),
      });

      if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Update failed');

      // Use get() to read current state
      const currentData = get().data;

      // Update item in array
      set({
        data: currentData.map(item =>
          item.id === id ? { ...item, ...updates } : item
        ),
      });
    } catch (error) {
      set({ error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error' });
    }
  },
}));

Performance Optimization with useShallow

Single Value Selection (Optimal)

typescript

// ✅ BEST: Select single primitive
const count = useCounterStore((state) => state.count);

// Component re-renders ONLY when count changes

Multiple Values with useShallow

typescript

import { useShallow } from 'zustand/shallow';

// ✅ CORRECT: Use useShallow for multiple values
const { count, isActive } = useCounterStore(
  useShallow((state) => ({
    count: state.count,
    isActive: state.isActive,
  }))
);

// Component re-renders ONLY when count OR isActive change
// Without useShallow, this would re-render on ANY store change!

Array Selection with useShallow

typescript

import { useShallow } from 'zustand/shallow';

// ✅ CORRECT: Use useShallow for array selection
const [count, user] = useStore(
  useShallow((state) => [state.count, state.user])
);

Computed Values / Getters

typescript

interface ProductStore {
  products: Product[];

  // Computed value using get()
  getTotalPrice: () => number;
  getProductById: (id: string) => Product | undefined;
  getActiveProducts: () => Product[];
}

export const useProductStore = create<ProductStore>()((set, get) => ({
  products: [],

  // Computed: total price
  getTotalPrice: () => {
    const { products } = get();
    return products.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p.price, 0);
  },

  // Computed: find product
  getProductById: (id) => {
    const { products } = get();
    return products.find(p => p.id === id);
  },

  // Computed: filter products
  getActiveProducts: () => {
    const { products } = get();
    return products.filter(p => p.isActive);
  },
}));

Exporting Reusable Selectors

typescript

interface UserStore {
  user: User | null;
  preferences: Preferences;
  isAuthenticated: boolean;
}

export const useUserStore = create<UserStore>()(/* ... */);

// Export typed selectors
export const selectUser = (state: UserStore) => state.user;
export const selectIsAuthenticated = (state: UserStore) => state.isAuthenticated;
export const selectUserRole = (state: UserStore) => state.user?.role;

// Usage in components
const user = useUserStore(selectUser);
const isAuthenticated = useUserStore(selectIsAuthenticated);

Anti-Patterns (DO NOT DO)

❌ Using v4 Syntax

typescript

// WRONG: v4 syntax
const useStore = create<StoreType>(
  (set) => ({ ... })
);

// CORRECT: v5 curried syntax
const useStore = create<StoreType>()(
  (set) => ({ ... })
);

❌ Direct State Mutation

typescript

// WRONG: Mutating state directly
addItem: (item) => {
  get().items.push(item); // ❌ Mutation!
}

// CORRECT: Immutable update
addItem: (item) => set((state) => ({
  items: [...state.items, item]
}));

❌ Not Using useShallow for Multiple Values

typescript

// WRONG: Creates new object reference on every render
const data = useStore((state) => ({
  a: state.a,
  b: state.b,
}));
// This will cause infinite render loops in v5!

// CORRECT: Use useShallow
const data = useStore(
  useShallow((state) => ({ a: state.a, b: state.b }))
);

❌ Missing TypeScript Type

typescript

// WRONG: No type parameter
const useStore = create()((set) => ({ ... }));

// CORRECT: Fully typed
interface MyStore { ... }
const useStore = create<MyStore>()((set) => ({ ... }));

Complete Example: Cart Store

typescript

import { create } from 'zustand';
import { persist, devtools, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware';

interface CartItem {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  quantity: number;
}

interface CartStore {
  items: CartItem[];
  addItem: (item: CartItem) => void;
  removeItem: (id: string) => void;
  updateQuantity: (id: string, quantity: number) => void;
  clearCart: () => void;
  getTotalPrice: () => number;
  getItemCount: () => number;
}

export const useCartStore = create<CartStore>()(
  devtools(
    persist(
      (set, get) => ({
        items: [],

        addItem: (item) => set((state) => ({
          items: [...state.items, item],
        })),

        removeItem: (id) => set((state) => ({
          items: state.items.filter(item => item.id !== id),
        })),

        updateQuantity: (id, quantity) => set((state) => ({
          items: state.items.map(item =>
            item.id === id ? { ...item, quantity } : item
          ),
        })),

        clearCart: () => set({ items: [] }),

        getTotalPrice: () => {
          const { items } = get();
          return items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price * item.quantity, 0);
        },

        getItemCount: () => {
          const { items } = get();
          return items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.quantity, 0);
        },
      }),
      {
        name: 'cart-storage',
        partialize: (state) => ({ items: state.items }),
      }
    ),
    {
      name: 'CartStore',
      enabled: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
    }
  )
);

// Export selectors
export const selectCartItems = (state: CartStore) => state.items;
export const selectTotalPrice = (state: CartStore) => state.getTotalPrice();

Summary

Zustand v5 requires:

•✅ Curried function syntax: create<Type>()()
•✅ TypeScript interface for full type safety
•✅ useShallow hook for multiple value selection
•✅ Immutable updates with set()
•✅ createJSONStorage for persist middleware
•✅ Middleware wrapping: devtools(persist(...))