FOSMVVM UI Tests Generator

Generate comprehensive UI tests for ViewModelViews in FOSMVVM applications.

Conceptual Foundation

For full architecture context, see FOSMVVMArchitecture.md | OpenClaw reference

UI testing in FOSMVVM follows a specific pattern that leverages:

•FOSTestingUI framework for test infrastructure
•ViewModelOperations for verifying business logic was invoked
•Accessibility identifiers for finding UI elements
•Test data transporter for passing operation stubs to the app

code

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    UI Test Architecture                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                              │
│  Test File (XCTest)                 App Under Test          │
│  ┌──────────────────┐              ┌──────────────────┐     │
│  │ MyViewUITests    │              │ MyView           │     │
│  │                  │              │                  │     │
│  │ presentView() ───┼─────────────►│ Show view with   │     │
│  │   with stub VM   │              │   stubbed data   │     │
│  │                  │              │                  │     │
│  │ Interact via ────┼─────────────►│ UI elements with │     │
│  │   identifiers    │              │   .uiTestingId   │     │
│  │                  │              │                  │     │
│  │ Assert on UI     │              │ .testData────────┼──┐  │
│  │   state          │              │   Transporter    │  │  │
│  │                  │              └──────────────────┘  │  │
│  │ viewModelOps() ◄─┼─────────────────────────────────────┘  │
│  │   verify calls   │              Stub Operations          │
│  └──────────────────┘                                        │
│                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Element Matching Rules

UI tests must follow a strict hierarchy for finding and matching elements. Never use hardcoded display strings.

Tier 1: Accessibility Identifiers (Preferred)

Use .uiTestingIdentifier() on the view and match via XCUIApplication extension accessors:

swift

// View
Text(viewModel.title)
    .uiTestingIdentifier("dashboardTitle")

// Test — accessor uses identifier
private extension XCUIApplication {
    var dashboardTitle: XCUIElement {
        staticTexts.element(matching: .staticText, identifier: "dashboardTitle")
    }
}

// Test — usage
XCTAssertTrue(app.dashboardTitle.exists)

Tier 2: Localized ViewModel Text (When Identifiers Are Insufficient)

When you must match by display text (e.g., verifying a label's content, or an element that can't carry a unique identifier), use localizedViewModel() to resolve the text from the same source of truth as the UI:

swift

let viewModel: PrimaryParametersViewModel = try localizedViewModel()
let app = try presentView(viewModel: viewModel)

// Match against ViewModel's resolved localized text — never a hardcoded string
XCTAssertTrue(try app.staticTexts[viewModel.amplitudeLabel.localizedString].exists)
XCTAssertEqual(app.stepperValueText.label, try viewModel.value.localizedString)

This keeps tests locale-correct and refactor-safe — if the YAML translation changes, the test still passes because it reads from the same source of truth.

Never Allowed: Hardcoded Display Strings

swift

// ❌ WRONG — breaks on locale change, copy change, or duplicate text
XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Settings"].exists)
XCTAssertEqual(app.label.text, "Welcome back!")

// ✅ RIGHT — Tier 1: identifier
XCTAssertTrue(app.settingsLabel.exists)

// ✅ RIGHT — Tier 2: localized ViewModel
XCTAssertTrue(try app.staticTexts[viewModel.settingsLabel.localizedString].exists)

Core Components

1. Base Test Case Class

Every project should have a base test case that inherits from ViewModelViewTestCase:

swift

class MyAppViewModelViewTestCase<VM: ViewModel, VMO: ViewModelOperations>:
    ViewModelViewTestCase<VM, VMO>, @unchecked Sendable {

    @MainActor func presentView(
        configuration: TestConfiguration,
        viewModel: VM = .stub(),
        timeout: TimeInterval = 3
    ) throws -> XCUIApplication {
        try presentView(
            testConfiguration: configuration.toJSON(),
            viewModel: viewModel,
            timeout: timeout
        )
    }

    override func setUp() async throws {
        try await super.setUp(
            bundle: Bundle.main,
            resourceDirectoryName: "",
            appBundleIdentifier: "com.example.MyApp"
        )

        continueAfterFailure = false
    }
}

Key points:

•Generic over ViewModel and ViewModelOperations
•Wraps FOSTestingUI's presentView() with project-specific configuration
•Sets up bundle and app bundle identifier
•continueAfterFailure = false stops tests immediately on failure

2. Individual UI Test Files

Each ViewModelView gets a corresponding UI test file.

For views WITH operations:

swift

final class MyViewUITests: MyAppViewModelViewTestCase<MyViewModel, MyViewOps> {
    // UI Tests - verify UI state
    func testButtonEnabled() async throws {
        let app = try presentView(viewModel: .stub(enabled: true))
        XCTAssertTrue(app.myButton.isEnabled)
    }

    // Operation Tests - verify operations were called
    func testButtonTap() async throws {
        let app = try presentView(configuration: .requireSomeState())
        app.myButton.tap()

        let stubOps = try viewModelOperations()
        XCTAssertTrue(stubOps.myOperationCalled)
    }
}

private extension XCUIApplication {
    var myButton: XCUIElement {
        buttons.element(matching: .button, identifier: "myButtonIdentifier")
    }
}

For views WITHOUT operations (display-only):

Use an empty stub operations protocol:

swift

// In your test file
protocol MyViewStubOps: ViewModelOperations {}
struct MyViewStubOpsImpl: MyViewStubOps {}

final class MyViewUITests: MyAppViewModelViewTestCase<MyViewModel, MyViewStubOpsImpl> {
    // UI Tests only - no operation verification
    func testDisplaysCorrectly() async throws {
        let app = try presentView(viewModel: .stub(title: "Test"))
        XCTAssertTrue(app.titleLabel.exists)
    }
}

When to use each:

•With operations: Interactive views that perform actions (forms, buttons that call APIs, etc.)
•Without operations: Display-only views (cards, detail views, static content)

3. XCUIElement Helper Extensions

Common helpers for interacting with UI elements:

swift

extension XCUIElement {
    var text: String? {
        value as? String
    }

    func typeTextAndWait(_ string: String, timeout: TimeInterval = 2) {
        typeText(string)
        _ = wait(for: \.text, toEqual: string, timeout: timeout)
    }

    func tapMenu() {
        if isHittable {
            tap()
        } else {
            coordinate(withNormalizedOffset: CGVector(dx: 0.5, dy: 0.5)).tap()
        }
    }
}

4. View Requirements

For views WITH operations:

swift

public struct MyView: ViewModelView {
    #if DEBUG
    @State private var repaintToggle = false
    #endif

    private let viewModel: MyViewModel
    private let operations: MyViewModelOperations

    public var body: some View {
        Button(action: doSomething) {
            Text(viewModel.buttonLabel)
        }
        .uiTestingIdentifier("myButtonIdentifier")
        #if DEBUG
        .testDataTransporter(viewModelOps: operations, repaintToggle: $repaintToggle)
        #endif
    }

    public init(viewModel: MyViewModel) {
        self.viewModel = viewModel
        self.operations = viewModel.operations
    }

    private func doSomething() {
        operations.doSomething()
        toggleRepaint()
    }

    private func toggleRepaint() {
        #if DEBUG
        repaintToggle.toggle()
        #endif
    }
}

For views WITHOUT operations (display-only):

swift

public struct MyView: ViewModelView {
    private let viewModel: MyViewModel

    public var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(viewModel.title)
            Text(viewModel.description)
        }
        .uiTestingIdentifier("mainContent")
    }

    public init(viewModel: MyViewModel) {
        self.viewModel = viewModel
    }
}

Critical patterns (for views WITH operations):

•@State private var repaintToggle = false for triggering test data transport
•.testDataTransporter(viewModelOps:repaintToggle:) modifier in DEBUG
•toggleRepaint() called after every operation invocation
•operations stored as property from viewModel.operations

Display-only views:

•No repaintToggle needed
•No .testDataTransporter() modifier needed
•Just add .uiTestingIdentifier() to elements you want to test

ViewModelOperations: Optional

Not all views need ViewModelOperations:

Views that NEED operations:

•Forms with submit/cancel actions
•Views that call business logic or APIs
•Interactive views that trigger app state changes
•Views with user-initiated async operations

Views that DON'T NEED operations:

•Display-only cards or detail views
•Static content views
•Pure navigation containers
•Server-hosted views that just render data

For views without operations:

Create an empty operations file alongside your ViewModel:

swift

// MyDisplayViewModelOperations.swift
import FOSMVVM
import Foundation

public protocol MyDisplayViewModelOperations: ViewModelOperations {}

#if canImport(SwiftUI)
public final class MyDisplayViewStubOps: MyDisplayViewModelOperations, @unchecked Sendable {
    public init() {}
}
#endif

Then use it in tests:

swift

final class MyDisplayViewUITests: MyAppViewModelViewTestCase<
    MyDisplayViewModel,
    MyDisplayViewStubOps
> {
    // Only test UI state, no operation verification
}

The view itself doesn't need:

•repaintToggle state
•.testDataTransporter() modifier
•operations property
•toggleRepaint() function

Just add .uiTestingIdentifier() to elements you want to verify.

Test Categories

UI State Tests

Verify that the UI displays correctly based on ViewModel state:

swift

func testButtonDisabledWhenNotReady() async throws {
    let app = try presentView(viewModel: .stub(ready: false))
    XCTAssertFalse(app.submitButton.isEnabled)
}

func testButtonEnabledWhenReady() async throws {
    let app = try presentView(viewModel: .stub(ready: true))
    XCTAssertTrue(app.submitButton.isEnabled)
}

Operation Tests

Verify that user interactions invoke the correct operations:

swift

func testSubmitButtonInvokesOperation() async throws {
    let app = try presentView(configuration: .requireAuth())
    app.submitButton.tap()

    let stubOps = try viewModelOperations()
    XCTAssertTrue(stubOps.submitCalled)
    XCTAssertFalse(stubOps.cancelCalled)
}

Navigation Tests

Verify navigation flows work correctly:

swift

func testNavigationToDetailView() async throws {
    let app = try presentView()
    app.itemRow.tap()

    XCTAssertTrue(app.detailView.exists)
}

When to Use This Skill

•Adding UI tests for a new ViewModelView
•Setting up UI test infrastructure for a FOSMVVM project
•Following an implementation plan that requires test coverage
•Validating user interaction flows

What This Skill Generates

Initial Setup (once per project)

File	Location	Purpose
`{ProjectName}ViewModelViewTestCase.swift`	`Tests/UITests/Support/`	Base test case for all UI tests
`XCUIElement.swift`	`Tests/UITests/Support/`	Helper extensions for XCUIElement

Per ViewModelView

File	Location	Purpose
`{ViewName}ViewModelOperations.swift`	`Sources/{ViewModelsTarget}/{Feature}/`	Operations protocol and stub (if view has interactions)
`{ViewName}UITests.swift`	`Tests/UITests/Views/{Feature}/`	UI tests for the view

Note: Views without user interactions use an empty operations file with just the protocol and minimal stub.

Project Structure Configuration

Placeholder	Description	Example
`{ProjectName}`	Your project/app name	`MyApp`, `TaskManager`
`{ViewName}`	The ViewModelView name (without "View" suffix)	`TaskList`, `Dashboard`
`{Feature}`	Feature/module grouping	`Tasks`, `Settings`

How to Use This Skill

Invocation: /fosmvvm-ui-tests-generator

Prerequisites:

•View and ViewModel structure understood from conversation context
•ViewModelOperations type identified (or confirmed as display-only)
•Interactive elements and user flows discussed

Workflow integration: This skill is typically used after implementing ViewModelViews. The skill references conversation context automatically—no file paths or Q&A needed. Often follows fosmvvm-swiftui-view-generator or fosmvvm-react-view-generator.

Pattern Implementation

This skill references conversation context to determine test structure:

Test Type Detection

From conversation context, the skill identifies:

•First test vs additional test (whether base test infrastructure exists)
•ViewModel type (from prior discussion or View implementation)
•ViewModelOperations type (from View implementation or context)
•Interactive vs display-only (whether operations need verification)

View Analysis

From requirements already in context:

•Interactive elements (buttons, fields, controls requiring test coverage)
•User flows (navigation paths, form submission, drag-and-drop)
•State variations (enabled/disabled, visible/hidden, error states)
•Operation triggers (which UI actions invoke which operations)

Infrastructure Planning

Based on project state:

•Base test case (create if first test, reuse if exists)
•XCUIElement extensions (helper methods for common interactions)
•App bundle identifier (for launching test host)

Test File Generation

For the specific view:

•Test class inheriting from base test case
•UI state tests (verify display based on ViewModel)
•Operation tests (verify user interactions invoke operations)
•XCUIApplication extension with element accessors

View Requirements

Ensure test identifiers and data transport:

•.uiTestingIdentifier() on all interactive elements
•@State private var repaintToggle (if has operations)
•.testDataTransporter() modifier (if has operations)
•toggleRepaint() calls after operations (if has operations)

Context Sources

Skill references information from:

•Prior conversation: View requirements, user flows discussed
•View implementation: If Claude has read View code into context
•ViewModelOperations: From codebase or discussion

Key Patterns

Test Configuration Pattern

Use TestConfiguration for tests that need specific app state:

swift

func testWithSpecificState() async throws {
    let app = try presentView(
        configuration: .requireAuth(userId: "123")
    )
    // Test with authenticated state
}

Element Accessor Pattern

Define element accessors in a private extension:

swift

private extension XCUIApplication {
    var submitButton: XCUIElement {
        buttons.element(matching: .button, identifier: "submitButton")
    }

    var cancelButton: XCUIElement {
        buttons.element(matching: .button, identifier: "cancelButton")
    }

    var firstItem: XCUIElement {
        buttons.element(matching: .button, identifier: "itemButton").firstMatch
    }
}

Operation Verification Pattern

After user interactions, verify operations were called:

swift

func testDecrementButton() async throws {
    let app = try presentView(configuration: .requireDevice())
    app.decrementButton.tap()

    let stubOps = try viewModelOperations()
    XCTAssertTrue(stubOps.decrementCalled)
    XCTAssertFalse(stubOps.incrementCalled)
}

Orientation Setup Pattern

Set device orientation in setUp() if needed:

swift

override func setUp() async throws {
    try await super.setUp()

    #if os(iOS)
    XCUIDevice.shared.orientation = .portrait
    #endif
}

View Testing Checklist

All views:

• .uiTestingIdentifier() on all elements you want to test

Views WITH operations (interactive views):

• @State private var repaintToggle = false property
• .testDataTransporter(viewModelOps:repaintToggle:) modifier
• toggleRepaint() helper function
• toggleRepaint() called after every operation invocation
• operations stored from viewModel.operations in init

Views WITHOUT operations (display-only):

• No repaintToggle needed
• No .testDataTransporter() needed
• No operations property needed
• operations stored from viewModel.operations in init

Common Test Patterns

Testing Async Operations

swift

func testAsyncOperation() async throws {
    let app = try presentView()
    app.loadButton.tap()

    // Wait for UI to update
    _ = app.waitForExistence(timeout: 3)

    let stubOps = try viewModelOperations()
    XCTAssertTrue(stubOps.loadCalled)
}

Testing Form Input

swift

func testFormInput() async throws {
    let app = try presentView()

    let emailField = app.emailTextField
    emailField.tap()
    emailField.typeTextAndWait("user@example.com")

    app.submitButton.tap()

    let stubOps = try viewModelOperations()
    XCTAssertTrue(stubOps.submitCalled)
}

Testing Error States

swift

func testErrorDisplay() async throws {
    let viewModel: MyViewModel = try localizedViewModel(.stub(hasError: true))
    let app = try presentView(viewModel: viewModel)

    XCTAssertTrue(app.errorAlert.exists)
    XCTAssertEqual(app.errorMessage.text, try viewModel.errorMessage.localizedString)
}

File Templates

See reference.md for complete file templates.

Naming Conventions

Concept	Convention	Example
Base test case	`{ProjectName}ViewModelViewTestCase`	`MyAppViewModelViewTestCase`
UI test file	`{ViewName}UITests`	`TaskListViewUITests`
Test method (UI state)	`test{Condition}`	`testButtonEnabled`
Test method (operation)	`test{Action}`	`testSubmitButton`
Element accessor	`{elementName}`	`submitButton`, `emailTextField`
UI testing identifier	`{elementName}Identifier` or `{elementName}`	`"submitButton"`, `"emailTextField"`

Version History

Version	Date	Changes
1.0	2026-01-23	Initial skill for UI tests
1.1	2026-01-24	Update to context-aware approach (remove file-parsing/Q&A). Skill references conversation context instead of asking questions or accepting file paths.
1.2	2026-03-30	Add Element Matching Rules section (identifier > localizedViewModel > never hardcoded strings). Fix hardcoded string in error state example.

FOSMVVM UI Tests Generator

Conceptual Foundation

Element Matching Rules

Tier 1: Accessibility Identifiers (Preferred)

Tier 2: Localized ViewModel Text (When Identifiers Are Insufficient)

Never Allowed: Hardcoded Display Strings

Core Components

1. Base Test Case Class

2. Individual UI Test Files

3. XCUIElement Helper Extensions

4. View Requirements

ViewModelOperations: Optional

Test Categories

UI State Tests

Operation Tests

Navigation Tests

When to Use This Skill

What This Skill Generates

Initial Setup (once per project)

Per ViewModelView

Project Structure Configuration

How to Use This Skill

Pattern Implementation

Test Type Detection

View Analysis

Infrastructure Planning

Test File Generation

View Requirements

Context Sources

Key Patterns

Test Configuration Pattern

Element Accessor Pattern

Operation Verification Pattern

Orientation Setup Pattern

View Testing Checklist

Common Test Patterns

Testing Async Operations

Testing Form Input

Testing Error States

File Templates

Naming Conventions

See Also

Version History