AgentSkillsCN

nixos

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SKILL.md
--- frontmatter
name: nixos
description: Use when writing NixOS configurations, modules, or flakes. Includes CLI commands, flake structure, and module syntax.

NixOS Configuration Reference

Overview

Reference for NixOS system configuration, Flake architecture, and Module syntax.

1. Essential CLI Commands

ContextCommandDescription
Rebuildnixos-rebuild switch --flake .#<host>Build and activate configuration
Testnixos-rebuild test --flake .#<host>Build and activate without boot entry
Updatenix flake updateUpdate all flake inputs
Locknix flake lock --update-input <name>Update specific input
GCnix-collect-garbage -dRemove old generations
Replnix replInteractive Nix shell (load flake with :lf .)
Checknix flake checkCheck flake outputs for errors

2. Flake Structure (flake.nix)

nix
{
  description = "System Config";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    
    # Home Manager
    home-manager.url = "github:nix-community/home-manager";
    home-manager.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
    
    # Other inputs
    sops-nix.url = "github:Mic92/sops-nix";
  };

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }@inputs: {
    nixosConfigurations.my-host = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
      system = "x86_64-linux";
      specialArgs = { inherit inputs; }; # Pass inputs to modules
      modules = [ ./hosts/my-host/configuration.nix ];
    };
  };
}

3. Module Syntax

Standard structure for any NixOS module file.

nix
{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }: 

with lib; # Brings mkIf, mkOption, types into scope

let
  cfg = config.services.my-service;
in {
  # 1. INTERFACE (Define Options)
  options.services.my-service = {
    enable = mkEnableOption "My Service";
    
    port = mkOption {
      type = types.port;
      default = 8080;
      description = "Port to listen on.";
    };
    
    package = mkOption {
      type = types.package;
      default = pkgs.hello;
      description = "Package to use.";
    };
  };

  # 2. IMPLEMENTATION (Apply Config)
  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
    # Systemd Service
    systemd.services.my-service = {
      description = "My Custom Service";
      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
      serviceConfig = {
        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/hello --port ${toString cfg.port}";
        Restart = "always";
      };
    };

    # Install Package
    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
    
    # Open Firewall
    networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ cfg.port ];
  };
}

4. Common Module Patterns

Importing Modules

nix
imports = [
  ./hardware-configuration.nix
  ../../modules/system/desktop
];

NixOS Library Helpers

  • •lib.mkIf condition config: Apply config only if condition is true.
  • •lib.mkMerge [ ... ]: Merge multiple config definitions.
  • •lib.mkForce value: Force a value, overriding lower priorities.
  • •lib.mkDefault value: Set a default value (lowest priority).