.NET macOS/iOS Binding Project

Create standalone .NET binding library projects for third-party native xcframeworks.

When to Use

•Binding a third-party xcframework (vendor SDK) for use in .NET MAUI / .NET iOS apps
•Creating a NuGet package wrapping a native iOS/macOS library
•NOT for binding Apple platform frameworks in the dotnet/macios repo (use macios-bindings skill instead)

Workflow

1. Analyze the xcframework

Run scripts/analyze_xcframework.py to extract framework metadata:

bash

python3 scripts/analyze_xcframework.py path/to/MyFramework.xcframework

This outputs: supported platforms/architectures, available headers, module map info, and whether the framework uses Swift.

2. Scaffold the Binding Project

Run scripts/scaffold_binding_project.sh to create the project structure:

bash

scripts/scaffold_binding_project.sh MyFramework path/to/MyFramework.xcframework [output-dir]

This creates:

code

MyFramework.Binding/
├── MyFramework.Binding.csproj
├── ApiDefinition.cs
├── StructsAndEnums.cs
└── native/
    └── (symlink or copy of xcframework)

3. Extract API Surface from Headers

Read the Objective-C headers in the xcframework's Headers/ directory. For each public class, protocol, enum, and constant, create the corresponding C# binding.

For header analysis guidance and Objective-C to C# translation patterns, see references/header-translation.md.

For the complete .csproj configuration reference, see references/project-configuration.md.

4. Write ApiDefinition.cs

Translate Objective-C headers into C# binding interfaces. Key rules:

csharp

using Foundation;
using ObjCRuntime;
using UIKit;

namespace MyFramework {

    // For each @interface — create [BaseType] interface
    [BaseType (typeof (NSObject))]
    interface MyClass {
        [Export ("name")]
        string Name { get; set; }

        [Export ("performAction:")]
        void PerformAction (string action);
    }

    // For each @protocol — create [Protocol, Model] interface + empty I-interface
    [Protocol, Model]
    [BaseType (typeof (NSObject))]
    interface MyDelegate {
        [Abstract]
        [Export ("didComplete:")]
        void DidComplete (MyClass sender);
    }

    interface IMyDelegate {}
}

5. Write StructsAndEnums.cs

csharp

using ObjCRuntime;

namespace MyFramework {
    [Native]
    public enum MyStatus : long {
        Unknown = 0,
        Ready = 1,
        Error = 2,
    }
}

6. Build and Test

bash

dotnet build MyFramework.Binding/MyFramework.Binding.csproj

Fix any generator errors (CS*, BI* warnings). Common issues:

•Selector mismatch — verify against headers
•Missing [NullAllowed] — check nullability annotations
•Type conflicts — use [BaseType (Name = "ObjCName")] for naming overrides

7. Package as NuGet

bash

dotnet pack MyFramework.Binding/MyFramework.Binding.csproj -c Release

Critical Lessons (from real-world bindings)

These are common runtime and compile-time pitfalls discovered when binding real xcframeworks (e.g., Facebook SDK):

Swift Classes Without Default Init

Many Swift classes crash at runtime with Use of unimplemented initializer 'init()' if you allow default construction. Always add [DisableDefaultCtor] on Swift classes unless you have confirmed init() works:

csharp

[DisableDefaultCtor]
[BaseType (typeof (NSObject))]
interface SwiftClass {
    [Export ("initWithName:")]
    NativeHandle Constructor (string name);
}

Swift Factory Class Methods Don't Exist at Runtime

Swift convenience initializers exposed as ObjC class methods (e.g., +[FBSDKSharePhoto photoWithImage:isUserGenerated:]) may not exist in the ObjC runtime even though they appear in the -Swift.h header. Prefer binding the initWith* constructor over +classMethod factory methods for Swift classes. Mark factory methods with [return: NullAllowed] if you bind them, and always test at runtime.

Field Library Name Must Be Framework Name

When binding [Field] constants from an xcframework, use the framework name (not "__Internal"):

csharp

// ✅ Correct — framework name
[Field ("FBSDKErrorDomain", "FBSDKCoreKit")]
NSString ErrorDomain { get; }

// ❌ Wrong — __Internal is for symbols in the main executable
[Field ("FBSDKErrorDomain", "__Internal")]
NSString ErrorDomain { get; }

NSSet/NSDictionary Generic Constraints

NSSet<T> and NSDictionary<TKey, TValue> require T to implement INativeObject. Custom bound classes don't satisfy this. Use untyped NSSet / NSDictionary for custom types:

csharp

// ❌ Won't compile — MyClass doesn't implement INativeObject
NSSet<MyClass> Items { get; }

// ✅ Use untyped
NSSet Items { get; }

// ✅ Built-in types work fine
NSSet<NSString> Tags { get; }

Method Name Conflicts with NSObject

Methods named Handle, Description, Hash, IsEqual conflict with inherited NSObject members. Rename or use [New]:

csharp

// Rename to avoid conflict with NSObject.Handle property
[Export ("handle:")]
void HandleUrl ([NullAllowed] NSUrl url);

// Or use [New] to explicitly hide
[New]
[Export ("description")]
string Description { get; }

Multi-TFM Support (iOS + Mac Catalyst)

When xcframeworks include both ios-arm64 and ios-arm64_x86_64-maccatalyst slices, target both:

xml

<TargetFrameworks>net10.0-ios;net10.0-maccatalyst</TargetFrameworks>

The consuming app project needs its own <NativeReference> entries pointing to the xcframeworks — native references from binding project references don't automatically flow to the app at link time.

Constructor Pattern

Use NativeHandle as the return type for constructors (not IntPtr):

csharp

[Export ("initWithFrame:")]
NativeHandle Constructor (CGRect frame);

// Failable init — return NullAllowed
[return: NullAllowed]
[Export ("initWithString:")]
NativeHandle Constructor (string value);

References

•references/header-translation.md — Translating Objective-C headers to C# bindings: classes, protocols, properties, methods, blocks, enums, constants
•references/project-configuration.md — .csproj configuration for binding projects: target frameworks, native references, NuGet metadata