npm install @tanstack/react-table
npx shadcn@latest add table input button dropdown-menu checkbox

// src/components/ui/data-table/columns.tsx
import type { ColumnDef, Row } from '@tanstack/react-table'
import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox'
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
import { ArrowUpDown, MoreHorizontal } from 'lucide-react'
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu'

// Sortable header helper
export function sortableHeader(label: string) {
  return ({ column }: { column: { toggleSorting: (desc?: boolean) => void; getIsSorted: () => 'asc' | 'desc' | false } }) => (
    <Button
      variant="ghost"
      onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === 'asc')}
      className="-ml-4"
    >
      {label}
      <ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
    </Button>
  )
}

// Selection column
export function selectionColumn<T>(): ColumnDef<T> {
  return {
    id: 'select',
    header: ({ table }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected()}
        onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select all"
      />
    ),
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={row.getIsSelected()}
        onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select row"
      />
    ),
    enableSorting: false,
    enableHiding: false,
  }
}

// Actions column
export function actionsColumn<T>(
  actions: Array<{ label: string; onClick: (row: Row<T>) => void }>
): ColumnDef<T> {
  return {
    id: 'actions',
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <DropdownMenu>
        <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
          <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
            <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
          </Button>
        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
        <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
          {actions.map((action) => (
            <DropdownMenuItem key={action.label} onClick={() => action.onClick(row)}>
              {action.label}
            </DropdownMenuItem>
          ))}
        </DropdownMenuContent>
      </DropdownMenu>
    ),
  }
}

// src/components/ui/data-table/data-table.tsx
import { useState } from 'react'
import {
  useReactTable,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  flexRender,
  type ColumnDef,
  type SortingState,
  type ColumnFiltersState,
  type VisibilityState,
  type RowSelectionState,
} from '@tanstack/react-table'
import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from '@/components/ui/table'
import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'

interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
  searchKey?: string
  searchPlaceholder?: string
}

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
  searchKey,
  searchPlaceholder = 'Search...',
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = useState<ColumnFiltersState>([])
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] = useState<VisibilityState>({})
  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = useState<RowSelectionState>({})

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
      rowSelection,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div className="space-y-4">
      {/* Search */}
      {searchKey && (
        <Input
          placeholder={searchPlaceholder}
          value={(table.getColumn(searchKey)?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ''}
          onChange={(e) => table.getColumn(searchKey)?.setFilterValue(e.target.value)}
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
      )}

      {/* Table */}
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>
          <TableHeader>
            {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
              <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
                {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => (
                  <TableHead key={header.id}>
                    {header.isPlaceholder
                      ? null
                      : flexRender(header.column.columnDef.header, header.getContext())}
                  </TableHead>
                ))}
              </TableRow>
            ))}
          </TableHeader>
          <TableBody>
            {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
              table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
                <TableRow key={row.id} data-state={row.getIsSelected() && 'selected'}>
                  {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                    <TableCell key={cell.id}>
                      {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
                    </TableCell>
                  ))}
                </TableRow>
              ))
            ) : (
              <TableRow>
                <TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
                  No results.
                </TableCell>
              </TableRow>
            )}
          </TableBody>
        </Table>
      </div>

      {/* Pagination */}
      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
          {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{' '}
          {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
        </p>
        <div className="flex gap-2">
          <Button
            variant="outline"
            size="sm"
            onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
            disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
          >
            Previous
          </Button>
          <Button
            variant="outline"
            size="sm"
            onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
            disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
          >
            Next
          </Button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

// src/app/users/page.tsx
import { DataTable } from '@/components/ui/data-table/data-table'
import { selectionColumn, sortableHeader, actionsColumn } from '@/components/ui/data-table/columns'
import type { ColumnDef } from '@tanstack/react-table'

interface User {
  id: string
  name: string
  email: string
  role: 'admin' | 'user'
  createdAt: Date
}

const columns: ColumnDef<User>[] = [
  selectionColumn<User>(),
  {
    accessorKey: 'name',
    header: sortableHeader('Name'),
  },
  {
    accessorKey: 'email',
    header: sortableHeader('Email'),
  },
  {
    accessorKey: 'role',
    header: 'Role',
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <span className="capitalize">{row.getValue('role')}</span>
    ),
  },
  {
    accessorKey: 'createdAt',
    header: sortableHeader('Created'),
    cell: ({ row }) => new Date(row.getValue('createdAt')).toLocaleDateString(),
  },
  actionsColumn<User>([
    { label: 'Edit', onClick: (row) => console.log('Edit', row.original) },
    { label: 'Delete', onClick: (row) => console.log('Delete', row.original) },
  ]),
]

export default function UsersPage({ users }: { users: User[] }) {
  return (
    <DataTable
      columns={columns}
      data={users}
      searchKey="email"
      searchPlaceholder="Filter by email..."
    />
  )
}