Git Workflow

Overview

This skill provides comprehensive git workflow best practices, branching strategies, and collaboration patterns. Use it to ensure consistent, professional git usage across your projects.

When to Use This Skill

•Creating commits with proper messages
•Establishing branching strategies (Git Flow, GitHub Flow, Trunk-Based)
•Handling pull requests and code reviews
•Managing releases and hotfixes
•Resolving merge conflicts
•Setting up git hooks and automation

Workflow Diagrams

Visual workflow guides for common Git operations:

Workflow	Description	Frequency	File
Overview	Git 全流程全景图	-	workflows/overview.md
Basic Commit	从修改到推送的基础流程	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/basic-commit.md
Branch Collaboration	特性分支团队协作	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/branch-collaboration.md
Code Review	现代团队代码审查流程	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/code-review.md
Merge Conflict	解决代码冲突	⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/merge-conflict.md
Undo Operations	撤销修改和回退	⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/undo-operations.md
Release & Tagging	版本发布和热修复	⭐⭐⭐⭐	workflows/release-tagging.md
Rebase Workflow	使用 rebase 保持历史整洁	⭐⭐⭐	workflows/rebase-workflow.md
Submodule	子模块管理	⭐⭐	workflows/submodule.md
Disaster Recovery	误操作数据恢复	⭐	workflows/disaster-recovery.md

Core Workflows

Commit Message Guidelines

Follow the Conventional Commits specification for clear, semantic commit messages:

Format:

code

<type>(<scope>): <subject>

<body>

<footer>

Types:

•feat: New feature
•fix: Bug fix
•docs: Documentation changes
•style: Formatting, missing semicolons, etc.
•refactor: Code restructuring without behavior changes
•perf: Performance improvements
•test: Adding or updating tests
•chore: Build process, dependencies, tooling
•ci: CI/CD pipeline changes

Examples:

code

feat(auth): add JWT token refresh mechanism

Implement automatic token refresh before expiration.
Tokens are refreshed 5 minutes before expiry.

Closes #123

code

fix(api): handle null responses in user service

Add defensive null checks to prevent NPE when
external API returns unexpected null values.

Fixes #456

Branching Strategies

Git Flow (Traditional)

Best for: Scheduled releases, multiple version support

Branches:

•main: Production-ready code
•develop: Integration branch for features
•feature/*: New features
•release/*: Release preparation
•hotfix/*: Emergency production fixes

Workflow:

bash

# Start new feature
git checkout develop
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication

# Finish feature
git checkout develop
git merge feature/user-authentication
git branch -d feature/user-authentication

# Create release
git checkout -b release/1.2.0
# Bump version, final testing
git checkout main
git merge release/1.2.0
git tag -a v1.2.0 -m "Release 1.2.0"
git checkout develop
git merge release/1.2.0

GitHub Flow (Simplified)

Best for: Continuous deployment, web applications

Branches:

•main: Always deployable
•feature/*: All changes

Workflow:

bash

# Start work
git checkout -b feature/add-dark-mode

# Make changes, commit often
git commit -m "feat(ui): add dark mode toggle"

# Push and create PR
git push origin feature/add-dark-mode
# Create pull request on GitHub
# After review and CI passes, merge to main
# Deploy from main

Trunk-Based Development

Best for: High-frequency releases, mature CI/CD

Key principles:

•All work on main or very short-lived feature branches (<1 day)
•Feature flags for incomplete features
•Rigorous automated testing

Pull Request Best Practices

PR Description Template:

markdown

## Summary
Brief description of changes

## Type of Change
- [ ] Bug fix
- [ ] New feature
- [ ] Breaking change
- [ ] Documentation update

## Testing Done
- [ ] Unit tests added/updated
- [ ] Integration tests pass
- [ ] Manual testing completed

## Screenshots (if applicable)

## Related Issues
Closes #123

Review Checklist:

•Code follows project conventions
•Tests cover new functionality
•Documentation is updated
•No sensitive data committed
•CI/CD pipeline passes
•Performance impact considered

Handling Merge Conflicts

Process:

bash

# Update your branch with latest main
git checkout feature/my-feature
git fetch origin
git merge origin/main

# If conflicts occur
# 1. Open conflicted files
# 2. Look for conflict markers: <<<<<<< ======= >>>>>>>
# 3. Resolve manually, keeping appropriate changes
# 4. Remove conflict markers
# 5. Test the resolved code
git add <resolved-files>
git commit -m "chore: resolve merge conflicts with main"

Conflict Resolution Tips:

•Communicate with the other developer if unsure
•Prefer rebasing for cleaner history (if branch not shared)
•Use git mergetool for complex conflicts
•Always test after resolution

Git Hooks and Automation

Common hooks to consider:

pre-commit:

bash

# Run linters, formatters
npm run lint
npm run format

# Run fast tests
npm run test:unit

commit-msg:

bash

# Validate commit message format
# Ensure conventional commits compliance

pre-push:

bash

# Run full test suite
npm run test

# Run build
npm run build

Advanced Patterns

Rebasing vs Merging

Use Rebase When:

•Working on personal feature branch
•Want linear history
•Need to incorporate upstream changes

bash

git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main

Use Merge When:

•Working on shared branches
•Want to preserve complete history
•Merging pull requests

bash

git merge origin/main

Cherry-Picking

Use to apply specific commits to another branch:

bash

# Find commit hash
git log

# Apply to current branch
git cherry-pick <commit-hash>

Interactive Rebase

Clean up commit history before pushing:

bash

# Rebase last 3 commits
git rebase -i HEAD~3

# Options: pick, reword, squash, fixup, drop

Common Scenarios

Undo Last Commit (Not Pushed)

bash

git reset --soft HEAD~1  # Keep changes staged
git reset HEAD~1         # Keep changes unstaged
git reset --hard HEAD~1  # Discard changes

Undo Pushed Commit

bash

# Create new commit that reverses changes
git revert <commit-hash>
git push origin main

Stash Changes

bash

# Save work in progress
git stash save "WIP: feature description"

# List stashes
git stash list

# Apply stash
git stash apply stash@{0}

# Apply and remove
git stash pop

Update Commit Message

bash

# Last commit (not pushed)
git commit --amend -m "new message"

# Older commit
git rebase -i HEAD~n  # Use 'reword'

Resources

references/

This skill includes reference documentation for deeper dives:

•git-best-practices.md: Comprehensive git guidelines
•branching-models.md: Detailed branching strategy comparisons
•conflict-resolution.md: Advanced merge conflict patterns

Quick Reference

Daily Commands:

bash

git status                    # Check status
git add <file>               # Stage file
git commit -m "message"      # Commit with message
git push origin <branch>     # Push to remote
git pull origin <branch>     # Pull from remote
git checkout -b <branch>     # Create and switch branch
git merge <branch>           # Merge branch

Inspection:

bash

git log --oneline --graph    # Visual commit history
git diff                     # See unstaged changes
git diff --staged            # See staged changes
git show <commit>            # Show commit details
git blame <file>             # See who changed each line

Cleanup:

bash

git branch -d <branch>       # Delete local branch
git push origin :<branch>    # Delete remote branch
git clean -fd                # Remove untracked files
git gc                       # Garbage collection