# Essential pre-migration validation
# 1. Database size and growth rate analysis
SELECT 
    table_schema,
    table_name,
    ROUND(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024), 2) AS size_mb,
    table_rows
FROM information_schema.tables 
WHERE table_schema = 'your_database'
ORDER BY (data_length + index_length) DESC;

# 2. Identify active connections and transactions
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_trx;

# 3. Check replication lag (if applicable)
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

# Blue-Green deployment configuration
blue_green_migration:
  phases:
    - name: "preparation"
      tasks:
        - provision_target_environment
        - replicate_schema
        - setup_data_sync
    - name: "data_sync"
      tasks:
        - initial_bulk_copy
        - continuous_replication
        - lag_monitoring
    - name: "cutover"
      tasks:
        - application_maintenance_mode
        - final_sync
        - dns_switch
        - validation

# Dual write pattern for gradual migration
class DualWriteManager:
    def __init__(self, old_db, new_db):
        self.old_db = old_db
        self.new_db = new_db
        self.shadow_mode = True
    
    def write_data(self, data):
        # Always write to primary (old) database
        old_result = self.old_db.write(data)
        
        try:
            # Write to new database
            new_result = self.new_db.write(data)
            
            if not self.shadow_mode:
                # Compare results for consistency
                self.validate_consistency(old_result, new_result)
                
        except Exception as e:
            # Log but don't fail - new DB is shadow
            self.log_shadow_error(e)
            
        return old_result

-- Migration script template with safety checks
-- Migration: 20241201_add_user_preferences
-- Author: Migration Team
-- Description: Add user preferences table with foreign key to users

START TRANSACTION;

-- Safety check: Ensure we're on correct database
SELECT DATABASE() as current_db;

-- Create table with proper constraints
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_preferences (
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    preference_key VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    preference_value TEXT,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    UNIQUE KEY unique_user_preference (user_id, preference_key),
    INDEX idx_user_preferences_user_id (user_id)
);

-- Verify table creation
SHOW CREATE TABLE user_preferences;

-- Record migration
INSERT INTO schema_migrations (version, applied_at) 
VALUES ('20241201_add_user_preferences', NOW());

COMMIT;

#!/bin/bash
# Online schema change using pt-online-schema-change
# for large tables without blocking

pt-online-schema-change \
  --alter "ADD COLUMN email_verified BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE" \
  --execute \
  --chunk-size=1000 \
  --chunk-time=0.1 \
  --max-load="Threads_running=25" \
  --critical-load="Threads_running=50" \
  --drop-old-table \
  D=production_db,t=users

# Comprehensive data validation framework
import hashlib
import pandas as pd

class MigrationValidator:
    def __init__(self, source_conn, target_conn):
        self.source = source_conn
        self.target = target_conn
        self.validation_results = []
    
    def validate_row_counts(self, tables):
        for table in tables:
            source_count = self.source.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table}").fetchone()[0]
            target_count = self.target.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table}").fetchone()[0]
            
            self.validation_results.append({
                'table': table,
                'test': 'row_count',
                'source': source_count,
                'target': target_count,
                'passed': source_count == target_count
            })
    
    def validate_data_integrity(self, table, key_column):
        # Sample-based checksum validation
        sample_query = f"""
        SELECT {key_column}, 
               MD5(CONCAT_WS('|', column1, column2, column3)) as checksum
        FROM {table} 
        ORDER BY RAND() 
        LIMIT 1000
        """
        
        source_checksums = pd.read_sql(sample_query, self.source)
        target_checksums = pd.read_sql(sample_query, self.target)
        
        merged = source_checksums.merge(
            target_checksums, 
            on=key_column, 
            suffixes=('_source', '_target')
        )
        
        mismatches = merged[
            merged['checksum_source'] != merged['checksum_target']
        ]
        
        return len(mismatches) == 0, mismatches

#!/bin/bash
# Emergency rollback script

ROLLBACK_POINT="migration_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"

# Create rollback checkpoint
create_rollback_point() {
    echo "Creating rollback point: $ROLLBACK_POINT"
    mysqldump --single-transaction --routines --triggers \
              production_db > "/backups/${ROLLBACK_POINT}.sql"
    
    # Store application configuration
    kubectl get configmap app-config -o yaml > "/backups/${ROLLBACK_POINT}_config.yaml"
}

# Execute rollback
execute_rollback() {
    echo "EMERGENCY ROLLBACK INITIATED"
    
    # 1. Put application in maintenance mode
    kubectl patch deployment app --patch '{"spec":{"replicas":0}}'
    
    # 2. Restore database
    mysql production_db < "/backups/${ROLLBACK_POINT}.sql"
    
    # 3. Restore application config
    kubectl apply -f "/backups/${ROLLBACK_POINT}_config.yaml"
    
    # 4. Restart application
    kubectl patch deployment app --patch '{"spec":{"replicas":3}}'
    
    echo "Rollback completed. System restored to $ROLLBACK_POINT"
}

# MySQL configuration for migration performance
[mysqld]
# Increase buffer pool for faster data processing
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8G

# Optimize for bulk operations
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0

# Increase batch size
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 256M
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2

# Parallel processing
innodb_parallel_read_threads = 8

# Real-time migration monitoring
class MigrationMonitor:
    def __init__(self, migration_id):
        self.migration_id = migration_id
        self.start_time = time.time()
    
    def track_progress(self, completed_rows, total_rows):
        elapsed = time.time() - self.start_time
        progress_pct = (completed_rows / total_rows) * 100
        rate = completed_rows / elapsed if elapsed > 0 else 0
        eta = (total_rows - completed_rows) / rate if rate > 0 else 0
        
        metrics = {
            'migration_id': self.migration_id,
            'progress_percent': progress_pct,
            'rows_per_second': rate,
            'eta_seconds': eta,
            'elapsed_seconds': elapsed
        }
        
        # Send to monitoring system
        self.send_metrics(metrics)
        
        # Alert if migration is too slow
        if rate < self.expected_rate * 0.5:
            self.alert_slow_migration(rate)